1. May be a corrosive formulation ingredient
2. Delivery of corrosive formulation ingredients into metal packaging
3. Move ions in and out of the corroded site to maintain an electrical balance between the corroded site and the surrounding area
4. Hydrate the metal ions formed by corrosion
5. Provides hydroxyl ions that bind to metal ions to form visible corrosion, such as the various colors of rust observed on steel or the white and black corrosion observed on aluminum
6. Migration of polymer coatings and laminated films to metal packaging through packaging, resulting in metal corrosion and/or coating/laminated film corrosion, such as blistering
7. Convert the coated/laminated film to a semi-permeable film, allowing only specific formula ingredients to migrate through the coating/film to the metal packaging
8. Microscopic streams of formulation components that form in the container coating or laminated film may subsequently lead to coating delamination and/or metal corrosio

As can be seen from this example, water plays the following roles simultaneously:

• Cause corrosion
• Create a more corrosive environment
• As a medium for transporting ions

The chemical composition of the liquid in the active pit is significantly different from the composition of the formula. This microenvironment is formed and maintained by hydration of water with metal ions ejected from the metal (through corrosion). Hydration will also reduce the pH in the pit to 4, and metal-ionized water will also buffer the pH to 4, thus maintaining the microenvironment in the pit.

Water supports pitting by electrochemically transporting ions and molecules to the support area around the pit. The area required to support pitting (outside the pit) is a complex interplay between the chemical composition of the formulation, the type of packaging metal, and the metal surface conditions (for example, whether the packaging metal is coated, uncoated, or laminated). In general, coated metal requires more area to support pits than uncoated metal.

Water needs to be in a liquid state to perform its various corrosive effects, and in some cases it will be consumed in a given step.

How much water does it take to form liquid water?

From a thermodynamic point of view, only about 90 water molecules are needed to form liquid water. However, more than 90 water molecules are needed to maintain corrosion, as water is consumed during corrosion. In addition, measurements of the thickness of the water layer in the vapor zone indicate that corrosion occurs in a water layer about 30 molecules thick under high pressure. In other words, spray packaging corrosion does not require much water.

Blog:《Discussion on the effect of water on the corrosion of spray packaging》

Bloger:Miya

——The original article was published in SPRAY magazine